Eustache Le Sueur. Retrato de un Joven. 1640. Galería de arte.
Placenta,
clitoris, foreskin,
Leboyer
against adults' violence(*)
(the premature
cutting of the umbilical cord and the loss of ambilaterality,
a medical fantasy of
castration of woman, a real castration for the child)
"If we want to create a less violent world,
where respect and kindness replace fear and hatred,
we must begin with how we treat each other at the beginning of life.
For that is where our deepest patterns are set.
From these roots grow fear and alienation – or love and trust."
Suzanne Arms
"Birth
without violence reassures the child and prevents them from fear." Étienne
Herbinet
"Well
birthing, well-being." Danielle Rapoport
"The
bath, it was marvellous for him." A dad
"Extraordinary,
marvellous, remarkable, privileged birth." 120 mummies over 120
"My
theory is that the best way to change the world is to change birth
procedures." William Swartley[i]
Respecting the baby as an extremely
sensitive and vulnerable person, with acute feelings, emotions and sensations,
Frédérick Leboyer[ii]
has revolutionized birthing procedures. His great innovation lies upon the observation that the premature clamping of the cord
is traumatizing. Adopted by the WHO, it consists in respecting natural clamping
(waiting for the physiological ceasing
of pulsations) – but for cardiac weakness of the baby – which takes from five
to twenty minutes – sometimes several hours – and allows the child to gain 80-100
grams of rich-in-essential-nutrient blood in five minutes[iii].
It is accompanied by tender care, a maximum of gentleness and a calm and
soothing environment: no telephone in the room, low voice, filtered light,
half-light in the room (it is necessary to place a spotlight on the mother’s
vulva in order to be able to realize a possible haemorrhage), forbearing from
pulling the baby’s head, no welcoming through holding by the ankles and
spanking the bottom but a little rest on the mother's belly(*),
almost immediate putting into nursing, never separating the child from the
mother (adopted by the WHO) even for a relaxing little bath (without washing)
that will come in its time, a satiety of massage and caresses, hours of skin to
skin contact (adopted by the WHO), all this in order to prevent the baby’s
suffering.
Odent[iv] emphasizes the moments of
intense happiness of the first encounter between the child and its parents,
programmed by nature under the influence of oxytocin, the hormone of bonding. He
insists upon the necessity of leaving the parents and baby discover each other
quietly, and implicitly exposes the intrusion of hurried to get through
gynaecologists into that family feast. It is as if a medical team came and perform
the premarital exams in the middle of the wedding. Without going up to Lotus
birth in which the cord falls by itself out of desiccation at the end of a few
days, he recommends to cut it only when it has become dry and hard. We are
going to see that it has then fulfilled its task of feeding the baby with
essential nutrients. He also stresses the immunity function of the
irreplaceable colostrum, the milk of the first three days. It is the first
nutrient that the child must receive.
As a result, crying is little abundant, "Leboyer
babies" are neither violent nor depressed but peaceful, gay and energetic;
they smile and hold their head from the first day, which was rare before[v]. An enquiry over 120
births[vi] disclosed that they are
ambilateral (ambidextrous) in a
great majority. It also showed more independence and autonomy, precocious
manual skill, a little faster development (walking at 13 months instead of
14-15, cleanliness, feeding and clothing autonomy at 2-3 years old) and above all, "children without
problems" (Michel Odent): no troubles of feeding and sleep in 97% cases,
less psychosomatic troubles (paroxysmal screams, first three month diarrhoea)
and remarkable absence of asking of advice from 95% of mummies. Ten years later
or so, another observation[vii]), quoted by 1,
over 126 babies, revealed 100% ambilaterals, amazingly higher IQs, great ease
at acquiring foreign languages and absence of most infantile diseases.
But the media success of "Birth
without violence" started an as acrid as international controversy[viii]. Tired of this questioning and of the lack of means
at his disposal, Leboyer resigned his
appointment of senior registrar[ix] in a Paris hospital to
dedicate to writing. If the lack of vocations in gynaecology in France is today
worrying, "Birth without violence" is regularly reedited all over the
world and several maternity wards "institutionalized its approach without
sacrificing anything to medical requirements"5. However, some
of the latter can be avoided or minimized for healthy children. And above all, they can be delayed.
Swedish researchers hushed down the
most virulent criticisms. A first enquiry[x], led over 400 births, showed
that Leboyer welcoming has no consequence upon infantile mortality. A second
one[xi] checked that bonding is
better realized if the child can remain upon the mother during the first two
hours. Others discovered that since the baby is immunized against maternal
flora, strictly rooming them in with the mother protects them against UTIs[xii], the great pretext, since antibiotics
are greatly sufficient, of American doctors upholders of the inacceptable circumcision.
The risk of jaundice due to an
excess of red globules is not confirmed[xiii],
[xiv],
[xv]
or can be avoided by leaving the placenta at the same level as the baby. The
respect of physiological clamping enables to avoid infantile tetanus[xvi]. On the side of the
mother, waiting for the voiding of the placental blood lessens the risk of
post-partum haemorrhage and makes the expulsion of the placenta easier[xvii].
However, though recommended by the
WHO, natural clamping is still not universally adopted, and no one being a prophet in one's own country; 10% only of French maternity wards
practise it, against 83% in Denmark[xviii].
But Leboyer encounters great success abroad where midwifes and doctors have
brought a river to the validity of the millenary technique brought back from
Gandhi’s country by the gynaecologist yogi. And a strong stream[xix], [xx], [xxi], of which several
editorials[xxii],
[xxiii],
a meta-analytical study[xxiv] led over 1,912 births
in 15 controlled enquiries, and a review[xxv] is
growing the opposite way, affirming: "early clamping needs
justification"14. An observer even affirms that it would require
parental consent. The editor of Archives of disease in childhood notices that the
absence of study of long term effects has not made it humdrum. But have such
studies been made when immediate clamping was adopted? The massive adoption of
a technique that looks contrary to the natural process was deliberately
antiscientific.
A first enquiry about cardiac rhythm[xxvi] concludes to a
statistically faster return to the norm with natural clamping. A second one
over 30 babies affirms: "These results allow thinking that Leboyer birth is associated with temporary
enhancement of pulmonary and systemic resistance whereas left and right
ventricular functions are not affected"[xxvii].
Then, it has been observed that, before birth, the mother delivers the
baby an important bolus of blood, 30 to 50% of the total blood volume, that is stored into the placenta3, 24, [xxviii], [xxix], [xxx], [xxxi], [xxxii], [xxxiii], [xxxiv], [xxxv], [xxxvi], [xxxvii], [xxxviii]. This flow is transfused right after birth3 by the pressure
of ongoing contractions. Through bringing the oxygen necessary to the effort of starting breath, it enables to
avoid the temporary asphyxia
necessarily provoked by early clamping whereas, very obviously, depriving an
adult of only 30% of her or his blood volume would put her or him into shock. Lind3 notes that
the latter occurs 3 seconds later with natural clamping. Only dazed creed can
counter the evidence that achieving the passage to respiration through a
brutal, even brief, interruption of oxygen alimentation, is a method of
barbarous coercion, similar to water torture, with disastrous psychological
consequences. The loss of ambilaterality (ambidexterity) is the most
conspicuous proof of it but several observers deem that alteration of the brain
through temporary lack of irrigation is a cause of autism (1% of US children). Indeed, the latter is unknown to the Amish and
Somali who wait for the placenta to come out before cutting
the cord. Remaining a few minutes inside the mother, the placenta secures the
baby the best possible oxygenation. Consequently, even in case of maternal haemorrhage, one must never clamp
before the settling of regular respiration.
This flow also has a double
mechanical function: irrigating the organs that have not yet functioned
(kidneys, liver and so on) without depriving the other organs with risk of
hypovolemy, hypotension and expanding the lungs. The rise of blood volume and
pressure[xxxix] enables the baby’s
heart to fill in the air cells of the lungs, making them fit for their next
task.
It is at last heavily burdened in
stem cells, red globules, glucose and iron in such quantity and quality that
the placental blood of a baby of the same family has been used in the treatment
of anaemia. Depriving the child of it at a decisive time of their lives, notably
in underdeveloped countries where half children are anaemic at the age of one
year, seems deliberately antiscientific. But this is not only true in
underdeveloped countries; even a small deficiency in iron or a slight anaemia in
infancy can entail cognitive defects. Several enquiries36, 38, [xl],
[xli],
[xlii],
[xliii],
[xliv],
[xlv],
, of which one14 led till the age of 6 months over 358 births,
showed that natural clamping highly lessens the risk of anaemia; the rates of
iron, ferritin, haematocrit37 and corpuscular haemoglobin35, [xlvi],
[xlvii],
[xlviii],
the rate of glucose14, [xlix],
[l],
[li]
are significantly increased. This is particularly important for children
threatened either by their low weight or because their mother has little
ferritin or because they could not get supplementary feeding in iron.
Placental blood also contains the hormones
of love and bonding (oxytocin), which favour the first exchanges between mother
and child.
Ultee so concludes his study14
upon 37 preterm babies: "Immediate clamping of the umbilical cord should be
discouraged.", and: "There seems to be no detrimental effects of
delayed cord clamping." Reynolds[lii] too,
reports the absence of adverse effects. At the opposite, early clamping
strengthens the risks of hypotension30, anoxia, intraventricular
haemorrhage36, [liii],
[liv]
(very particularly with preterm infants29), and resorting to
transfusion[lv],
[lvi]
and resuscitation32.
The placenta seems a gift from the
mother, a shopping bag that proves the baby that they are not abandoned without
resource, almost a first transitional object. So, it is demonstrated that
nature has forecast a complex, extremely sophisticated system for birth.
Hurried men’s meddling into its plans is irrelevant, to say the least. The
placenta is a system of alimentation and excretion through plasmatic exchange
with the womb. It is irrigated by two arteries pulsated by the baby’s heart,
not the mother’s, and a vein flows back into the baby. It is not voided at the
same time as the child so as to be able to provision the baby with ultimate
resource necessary to it in its first moments. Nature seems having programmed the
stopping of pulsations when the contents of the placenta are exhausted.
Throwing it away before full completion of its functions is simply insane. The
placenta is exterior to the baby’s body but it is part of it. It belongs to the
baby; nature alone may separate them from it.
After that review, let us come to
the unedited contribution of this work: trying to answer the question raised by
Rapoport6: "… ambidexterity… is important, without us being
able to know its significance". Some physicians qualify
"anti-scientific" the complex reality[lvii] of ambilaterality without
taking care that already made observations – who can the most can the least –
are enough to go forward without loitering about the variety of reports in the
matter. Such rejection amounts to a blindness that, from lateralized persons,
seems the expression of unavowed jealousy. For ambilaterals perform amazing
feats at sports, particularly tennis or combat sports. Opposing an obvious
progress in the name of ignorance as to the exact extent of this progress is
anti-scientific. We have seen that being born within gentleness has long-term
positive psychological repercussions. A valued quality, the ambilaterality of Leboyer
babies shows that one does not destroy an organ in the middle of its
functioning without lastingly traumatizing the brain. Premature cutting impedes
it because it provokes a trauma. What is thus the mechanism of this trauma?
Ethology and elementary psychology make
think that lateralization, normally a consequence of apprenticeship, results
from pathological inhibition.
First fact: submission
(right-handedness) or likely opposition (left-handedness) to adult norm is
absurd; it does not stem from trust but from the unconscious terror issuing
from the brutal extinction of placenta alimentation before its gradual and
peaceful natural stopping. Nature provided, for a few moments, a double system
of oxygen and nutrient supply. As long as the cord pulses, the placenta enables
progressive adaptation, gentle transition between both systems. In the natural
state, in absence of medical hurrying, the mother has no reason to cut the cord
that dries up and falls down by itself. If the cut occurs before term, it does
not only deprive the child from natural nutrients; it brutally interferes into
the management of their body by the babies forced to take their first breath
through unheard of violence. Provoking terrible anguish, the cut is felt as a cruel
mutilation. Intimately and for life terrorised by adults including the mother,
the child will comply with the norm. Ambilaterals are normal, right-handed and
left-handed ones are not. The very concept of ambidexterity is symptomatic of
the compulsion of domination of the obsessive neurotics who invented it.
Second fact, lateralization is
equally parted with monkeys – who leave the cord intact – whereas right-handed
are in a majority with men.
These two facts imply that this
majority is a consequence of speech that, through favouring domination and
intimidation, thwarted the natural statistical equilibrium. There is no reason
why the right hand should be the strongest. The right-handed became more
numerous because teachers imposed the use of the right hand for writing and
because the military reinforced the phenomenon. Humanity is right-handed
because human societies are overbearing societies. Lateralisation is thus not a
biological consequence of the natural development of the brain, according to
Janov’s5 neurological – but tautological – explanation. The first trauma: the early cut,
creates universal neurosis, its conformism and stream of inhibitions.
Consciously or not with attendants
to birth (nurses, mid-wives, gynaecologists), the matter is individual or
collective appropriation of the baby within compulsive desire to enjoy the
child. All pretexts are valid in order to grab the baby from the mum’s arms and
have it for oneself for a while: "Now for weighing!" and the balance
is in another room, or the mother catches a cold and the child must absolutely
be placed in the nursery, at the risk of nosocomial infection against which the
baby is not immunized. The mechanism of this appropriation is that of
fetishist, infantile or primitive thought that, according to psychoanalysis,
likens the part to the whole. It is exploited by voodoo manipulators; in order
to enslave their gullible victims and force them to prostitution (in absence of
sexual mutilation abolished by the enslavers), they rob them a lock of hair.
Precocious clamping and obsessive medical care seem both a putting of rituals
of separation of primitive peoples that enslave the individual to the tribe into
accordance with current tastes, and a means for medical teams of avoiding the
anguish of delivery. The child pays for this anxiolytic.
Leboyer also condemned excision and
circumcision[lviii]. What is true
for the placenta is a fortiori so for autosexual organs, very rich in erogenous
and tactile nervous endings. Invasive, destructive, these excisions provoke an at
least as grave trauma as the premature cutting of the cord. The same cause:
violence, induces the same effect: deep submission and transgenerational repetition
of the weird and discriminating crime. All of them will not necessarily look
traumatized, a minority will be gravely traumatized. There probably is a link
of cause to effect between circumcision, the antiJewism that it provokes, and
the genetic mutation inducing a high propensity to breast and prostate cancer with
a great majority of Ashkenazi Jews.
Submission is amplified by the
traumatic breaking of mother-child bonding, of dramatic reciprocity when the
mother, not finding again the marvellous initial smiles, "does not
recognize" her child any longer and, in the worst cases, ill-treats it8.
As painfully experienced by Romberg-Weiner[lix], it's a pity to have a Leboyer birth if the child is to be circumcised
later on. Similarly, a gentle birth with premature cutting of the cord is not a
gentle birth. Leboyer opposes that
tyranny. His message can be summarized so: "Leave the baby, their placenta
and the mother alone."
Provoked by the premature cutting,
the symptom of lateralization brings a limpid illustration of the Freudian
theory of allegedly symbolical mutilation as a technique of submission. The traumas
of the early cut of the umbilical cord and of sexual mutilation are similar.
This likeliness points out that, should they be ritual or medical, routine societal
cuts upon young generations dramatically separate the child from the mother. The
consequence, and sometimes even avowed aim of this terrorist violence is to
submit them to a despotic society.
Conclusion
In the course of history, patriarchy
has multiplied the tools of violence intended to break the infant-mother bond.
Sexual mutilation is the worst one but the loss of ambilaterality shows that
the early cut of the umbilical cord is very damaging too. That against-nature-practice
enables physicians to realize an unconscious fantasy of castration of woman.
Unconsciously jealous of the maternity power, they psychologically traumatize
mothers through the sadistic performance, at a time when the woman is particularly
vulnerable, of bringing scissors into play between the mother and the child
whereas the placenta is still inside the womb. In that odious fantasy, since
the placenta is a part of the child, not the mother, they castrate the child,
which is insane!
Breaking the infant-mother bond is one
of the great sources of individual or collective mental disease and criminality.
Correlating birthing techniques with adult behaviour ("obstetric
procedures should be carefully evaluated and possibly modified to prevent
eventual self-destructive behaviour."), several enquiries about suicide[lx], [lxi], [lxii], [lxiii] comfort Leboyer’s findings. The same accounts for criminality[lxiv],
[lxv],
[lxvi],
[lxvii].
Committed at the age when the vulnerability is the greatest, precocious violence
is the worst excess of adults who lamentably reproduce, and sometimes worsen,
what they themselves suffered. That vicious circle must be broken.
Exposed by Benjamin
Franklin several centuries ago, the premature cutting of
the cord dates back to the time when medicine practised bloodletting. It is the
first act of violence of adults against the child whom it puts "under
terror" (Alice Miller). Taking into account the multiplicity of
chirurgical techniques deliberately used in history in order to submit the
child: excision, circumcision, amygdalectomy, tonsillectomy, scarifications,
etc., one may wonder whether a medical Machiavellianism would not have
premeditated the precocious cut of the cord in the same aim. A movement in the
opposite way is taking shape but the examples of Copernicus, Galileo, Freud... etc., have shown that one does not
solve the world’s problems easily. Medicine is a universe where the best coasts
along the worst: rigid dogmas, coteries, incompetence, arrogance and prejudice,
in the hands of all-powerful mandarins and from where, consequently, error is
not absent. It took it half a century to accept the discovery of hygiene
(Semmelweiss) that enabled a strong lessening of post-natal mortality. Concerning
gentle birth, there are more than thirty five years that fierce jealousy,
stupid pride and blind foolishness ignore one of the most prodigious medical
observation of all times. If, after the sharp resistance described by Rapoport(6),
(8), the profession grabbed hold of most of Leboyer’s recipes, the main one remains criticized and little followed, and albeit the
exceptional interest of his contribution to humanity, he did not get the Nobel
prize. However, the premature cutting of the cord traumatizes the brain and
deprives burgeoning life from essential nutrients. Nonviolence succeeded in
driving the English out of India, will it manage to get the better of the castratist,
Western, Judeo-Christian medical order, the accusations of which seem mere
slandering towards the multi-millenary empirical learning of India? Faced with
psychoanalytical learning and as documented by Rapoport(6), that
approach of birthing enables to assess that, if everything goes well elsewhere,
the only birth trauma, generator of universal neurosis, is that of the premature
cutting of the cord. Let us recall that Leboyer's discovery finds its origin in
his own reliving, during the course of his personal analysis, of the trauma of
his premature cutting. The author of these lines also could feel the remembrance of the same hellish experience of a life threatening torture, preceded by a
birth within gentle enjoyment. Those who have not done that experience are
ill-founded to doubt.
The Leboyer revolution is a chance for
the planet to get out of the deadly impasse where obsessive emphasis on
productivity led it. Freeing the youth from the violence of adults will enable
it to bring solutions to the issues of tomorrow through imagination and gentleness
rather than by the equilibrium of terror and its recurrent exterminations.
Sigismond
(Michel Hervé Navoiseau-Bertaux) – oldsigismund@hotmail.com
Independent
psychoanalysis researcher, a former pupil of the Psychoanalysis department of
Paris VIII University, author of " Feminine and masculine sexual
mutilation, another crime against humanity "
(article and
book available for free on circabolition, in the REVIEWS at the bottom of the
front page)
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